Tenses in English

As we knew, there is 13 tenses:
1. Past Perfect Progressive - had been + present participle
2. Past Perfect - had + past participle
3. Past Progressive - was/were + present participle
4. Simple Past - past tense form

5. Present Perfect Progressive - have/has been + present participle
6. Present Perfect - have/has + past participle

7. Present Progressive - am/is/are + present participle
8. Simple Present -

9. Will Future - will + infinitive
10. Will Future Progressive - will be + present participle
11. Will Future Perfect - will have + past participle
12. Will Future Progressive - will have been + present participle

13. Going to Future - am/is/are going to + infinitive

Four people named : Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody

There was an important job to be done and Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it.

Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that, because it was Everybody's job.

Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realised that Everybody wouldn't do it.

It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have.

A, some, any

Some
- Used in positive sentences.
- Used in offers.
Example:
1. There are some children at the door.
2. Would you like some water?

Any
- Used like some, but in a negative sentence and question.
Example:
1. Did you meet any friends in town?

No
- Used to mean not any, but with a positive verb form.
Example:
1. I had no food.

Reference: Grammar Practice for Pre-Intermediate Students.

The indefinite article a, an, the

A (or An)
- used with countable nouns to indicate one.
- is not used before a plural noun.
- is not used before uncountable nouns.
- when talking about cost, speed, how often when we do something.

The - used when a word is used a second time.
- used when only one object exists such as the sun, the earth.
- used before names of seas, rivers, groups of islands or mountains, kingdoms, republics, deserts, plural names of countries such as the Nile, the United States of America etc.
- usually say the before the places we visit in a town.
- with musical instruments when we talk about playing them or listening to them.
- with listening to the radio. No article with watch television.

No article or the
- before names of places. A or The is not usually used before names of villages, towns, streets, cities, countries or continents.

- before school, college, university, work, home, bed, town, hospital, church, prison. Howevery, we only use a or the before these words when the building is important and not its use.

- before names of academic subjects, languages, sports, meals.

Reference: Grammar Practice for Pre-Intermediate Students.

Singular and Plural

Make a singular noun to be a plural noun, add s :

Example:
- The word ends in ch, sh, x, s --> add es.
Such as : church - churches

- The word ends in y, --> change to ies.
Such as : baby - babies

- The common irregular plurals.
Such as : women, men, teeth, feet etc.

Reference: Grammar Practice for Pre-Intermediate Students.

Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Countables nouns - things that can be counted.
Uncountables nouns - things that cennot be counted.

Example
apple - countable
tree - countable
bus - countable
grass - uncountable
wine - uncountable
butter - uncountable

It is not possible to say one water, two flours etc. Uncountable nouns can be counted in two ways:
1. in litres, kilos etc. such as Could I have a kilo of butter?
2. by counting the containers that hold the uncountable noun.

Reference: Grammar Practice for Pre-Intermediate Students.

Possessive with "s"

To indicate possession for people or animals :
1. Singular - Add 's :
Example - Susan's pen
- Thomas's house .
2. Plurals - Ending with s' :
Example - The students' mother
- The ladies' hats .
3. Other Plurals - Add 's :
Example - The children's bags
- The men's cars.

Reference: Grammar Practice for Pre-Intermediate Students.

Possessive Adjective and Pronouns

Possessive Adjectives : always followed by its nound.
: my, your, his, her , its, our, your, their

Possessive Pronouns : never followed by its nound.
: mine, yours, his, hers, - , ours, yours, theirs

Example:
Possessive adjective: That's is my mother.
Possessive Pronouns : This had is mine.

Reference: Grammar Practice for Pre-Intermediate Students.

Possessive Adjectives

Each pronoun has a possessive adjective such as
I --> my
You --> your
He --> his
She --> her
We --> our
You --> your
They --> their
it --> its

Example:
- I have got his book.
- This is my watch.

Reference: Grammar Practice for Pre-Intermediate Students.

Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive Pronouns : myself, yourself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

The object is the same person or the thing as the subject
Example:
- I cut myself when I was cooking.

Reference: Grammar Practice for Pre-Intermediate Students.

Subject and Object Pronouns

Subject Pronouns : I, You, He, She, It, We, They
Object Pronouns : me, you , him, her, it, us, them

Subject - is the person or thing doing the action.
Example:
- She went home.
- They said hello.

Object - is the person or thing receiving the action.
Example:
- I hit her.
- She called me.

Reference: Grammar Practice for Pre-Intermediate Students.